Group 4  members :

Nur Aimi Athirah Binti Mohd Rasli               A144537
Nor Izzati Binti Baharuddin                            A144438
Nur Hayatun Syamila Binti Muhamad Najib  A14439

Experiment of Lipstick Formulation

Introduction

            Cosmetics can be traced to ancient civilizations.In particular,the use of lip color was prevalent among  the Sumerians,Egyptians,Syrians,Babylonians,Persians, and Greeks.Later,Elizabeth I and the ladies of her court colored their lips red mercuric sulphide.In Western society during the later half of the nineteenth century,it was generally believed only promiscuous women wore lipstick.Then,lipsticks are made to appeal to the current fashion trend and come in a wide range of colors.Lipstick is made of dyes and pigments in a fragranced oil-wax base.The primary ingredients found in lipstick are wax,oil,alcohol and pigment.Lipstick, is also a symbol of feminine beauty and sensually and a method of attracting attention.The red color of the lips was first accentuated in the ancient world.Today, a woman uses lipstick to highlight her individually,character and seductive capacity to underline her smile.

Objectives

-Differentiate the different function of each ingredient in the formula

-Understand the rational and function of the different type of formulation of the lipstick

-Evaluate the quality of lipstick

Result

Phase A	Phase B	Phase C
15 ml castor oil	2.0 g white beeswax	2-3 drops Paraben
Pigments used	1.3 g cocoa butter	(0.1 % methyl paraben solution
	1.6 ml vitamin E acetate
	0.8 g Vaseline
	0.9 ml honey (for taste)

Phase A :

Formulation	Types of pigment	Mass (g)
1	Red	1.5
	Blue	0.5
2	Purple	0.5
3	Red	0.5
4	Blue	0.5
	Red	1.0
5	Silver	0.6
	Red	0.5
6	Gold	0.1
	Carmoisine	15 drops

Discussion

For this formulation, we have decided to not do any changes on phase B and C. This is because any unsuitable alteration to them may lead to hardness or the lipstick becomes too soft. Therefore, we use different types of pigment with different mass without changing the volume of castor oil. The first formulation used 2 types of pigment which are red with 1.5 g and 0.5 g blue. By mixing them, we got purple color of lipstick. For the second formulation, we used only one purple pigment at 0.5 g. Third formulation involve 0.5 g of red pigment. Forth formulation included 0.5 g of blue and 1.0 g of red pigment. Next we mix silver and red pigments of 0.6 g and 0.5 g respectively. For the last formulation, we mix 0.1 g of gold with 15 drops of carmoisine.

An evaluation is done for these product. All of them was evaluated at the room temperature. For formulation 2, it is not hard and a bit melt compared to the others. The others does not show any changes. Formulation 2,3 and 5 was placed without the existence of light while formulation 1,4 and 6 is without light . However at the end of the day, we consider all the formulation is passed.

CONCLUSION :

Different pigment give different colour to the lipstick. Combination of two pigments will give another colour to the lipstick but the colour and its’ intensity may also depends on the mass of the pigment used. Phase B and C is the same as we do not want to disturb or change the hardness of the lipstick. After evaluation is done, all the formulation is passed.

REFERENCES :

1.      http://books.google.com.my/books?id=secIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA608&dq=cosmetology+for+lipstick&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nQFdVLGoIIOdugS90IGIBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cosmetology%20for%20lipstick&f=false

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Experiment of Deodorant and anti-perspirants

TITLE : Deodorents and anti-perspirants

INTRODUCTION :

 Deodorents and anti-perspirants are preparations that can mask, remove or reduce the unpleasant odor on the body due to sweat. Sweat on its own does not generally have a smell; bacteria present on the surface of the skin digests the sweat and the digestion and breakdown products  cause the odor. Therefore, a deodorant functions by decreasing the bacteria population on the skin or by adding fragrance to the body to overcome the foul odor. On the other hands, the anti-perspirant functions by reducing the production of sweat through its astringent property.

OBJECTIVE:

1.  To prepare the products based on different fragrances

2.  To evaluate the effectiveness of the products.

3.  To test the stability of the products.

MATERIAL: Beeswax, coconut oil, silicone oil, cocoa butter, vitamin E oil, corn starch, essential oil/perfumes.

PROCEDURE:

1.       The beeswax and cocoa butter were heated until they are just melted. Then, coconut, silicone and vitamin E oil were added.

2.       When all the oils and fats have melted, the essential oils and perfumes were added.

3.       The corn starch was mixed in using hand mixer until homogenous.

4.       The molten mixture was pour into the container and was allowed to cool until it hardens.

Evaluation of products

1.       Each member of our group was taken her turn to test the products.

2.       A simple questionnaire was devise that will allow each person to compare the effectiveness of each product and whether the fragrance incorporated is irritating to the skin.

3.        In the morning, a shower was taken for the test and was dried by a towel. The underarm that will function as the control was determined. Any preparation was not applied on this underarm. The same underarm was used as the control throughout the study.

4.       On the other underarm, not more than 1g of our product was applied.

5.       After exactly 9 hours of normal daily activities, the questionnaire was filled.

Stability testing

1.       All the remaining product were placed in one warm and sunny position.

After 4 weeks, the product was evaluated

Discussion

Antiperspirants  are usually deodorants impede the production of perspiration.Most antiperspirants contain active ingredient such as aluminium chlorohydrates or aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydex glycine complex.Aluminium salts function as astringents,producing an insoluble hydroxide gel in the sweat pores and thus physically blocking the release of secretory products by constricting the opening of the sweat gland ducts.The active ingredient  in antiperspirants may also reduce odor,most likely by destroying bacteria.Deodorants and antiperspirants can be formulated into creams or lotions typically containing an oil base,solvents,propylene glycol,emollients,lubricants,humectants and preservatives.Deodorants and antiperspirants can also be dissolved in a solvent and applied as an aerosol with the use of nonchlorofluorocarabon propellant.

Conclusion

To introduce new antiperspirant actives  requiring costly studies on safety and effectiveness.Aside  that the introduction of new antiperspirant, should be continually monitored the introduction of unregulated ingredients that would be included in existing or new formula.